What is the link between healthy nails and your health in general? The color, appearance, and shape of the nails give some information about the general health of a person. A normal healthy nail is slightly pink in color and the surface is convex from side to side.
NAIL COLOR
*Nails are pale when anemia is present.
*Opaque white discoloration is seen in chronic renal failure and kidney disorders and cirrhosis of the liver.
*Kidney disease can cause the nails to become brown in color.
*Black discoloration is caused by fungal infection.
*Red dots in nails can be caused by rheumatoid arthritis, vascular diseases and infection in the heart valves.
*Drugs like sulpha and antibiotics can produce discoloration in the nails.
*Blunt injury to the nail itself can cause blue and/or black discoloration.
*Jaundice and decreased blood supply to nails can cause them to turn yellow.
NAIL SHAPE
*Clubbing – This is when the tissues at the base of the nails are thickened and the angle between the nail base and the skin is obliterated. The nail becomes more convex and the finger tip becomes bulbous and looks like an end of a drumstick.
Clubbing can be caused by congenital injuries, chronic cyanosis, lung diseases like emphysema, lung cancer and tubercolosis, Crohn’s disease, cirrhosis of the liver, and heart disease.
*Koilonychia or "spoon nails." This refers to abnormally thin, soft and brittle nails that have lost their convexity, becoming flat or even concave or spoon-like. This condition is seen in iron deficiency or anemia.
NAIL STRUCTURE
*Fungal infections in the nail cause discoloration, deformity, and abnormal brittleness.
*Thimble pitting is characteristic of psoriasis and acute eczema.
*A soft tissue infection around a fingernail in the cuticle or nail fold is called paronychia. Susceptible people include those whose occupations require them to have their hands in prolonged contact with water on a daily basis.
*Taking tetracyclines can cause a separation of the nail bed.
*Nails can become very brittle in the presence of gangrene or Raynaud’s disease.
NAIL GROWTH
Healthy fingernails grow 1 cm in three months and toe nails take 24 months for the same. A reduction in blood supply affects the growth of nails. Nail growth is also affected in severe illness. When the disease disappears, the growth starts again resulting in formation of transverse ridges. These lines can be helpful in dating the onset of illness.
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